Molar incisor hypomineralisation and dental caries among children in Slovenia

Aim To assess the prevalence of molar incisor hypomineralisation (MIH) in children in Slovenia and explore the relationship between MIH defects and caries in the primary and permanent dentition, and tooth- and surface-specific associations between MIH defects and caries on first permanent molars (FPM). Materials and methods The study population was comprised of 558 children aged 6.0-11.5 years. The prevalence of developmental defects of enamel (DDE) on FPM and permanent incisors was assessed through clinical examination by a calibrated examiner using the modified DDE Index of the FDI. Also recorded were atypical fillings, post-eruptive enamel breakdowns, and extractions because of MIH. Dental caries was assessed using the WHO criteria. Results At least one FPM with MIH defects was found in 21.4% of children. Children with MIH had significantly higher (p<0.05) caries experience in their permanent teeth. In primary teeth, higher caries experience was not statistically significant. MIH defects in FPM were associated with higher caries scores at the tooth (p<0.01), and at the surface (p<0.05) level. Conclusion MIH is common in Slovenia. Children with MIH are more prone to dental caries development on their permanent teeth. On FPM teeth and surfaces affected with MIH defects, even with only mild demarcated opacities with apparently intact enamel, an increased caries experience is present.