Underreporting of Energy Intake in Maintenance Hemodialysis Patients: A Cross-sectional Study

Objective: To analyze the reported energy intake (EIrep) in hemodialysis (HD) patients by total energy expenditure (TEE) measured by a dedicated device. Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: RenalCor and RenalVida Clinics (Rio de Janeiro, Brazil). Patients and Others Participants: Forty-eight HD patients (51.4 +/- 12.2 years, 62% men, body mass index [BMI], 23.8 +/- 4.5 kg/m(2)) were studied. Main Outcome Measure: EIrep was evaluated using a 3-day food record. TEE was measured over a 2-day period by SWA (SenseWear Pro2 Armband, BodyMedia Inc., Pittsburgh, PA). Subjects were identified as underreporters (URs), acceptable reporters (ARs), or overreporters (ORs) from their EIrep/TEE ratio. ARs were defined as having the EIrep/TEE ratio in the range of 0.76 to 1.24, URs as EIrep/TEE,0.76, ORs as EIrep/TEE > 1.24 according to Goldberg index. Results: The mean TEE and EIrep were 34.7 +/- 9.4 kcal/kg/day and 22.8 +/- 10.6 kcal/kg/day, respectively, and 37.5% of patients presented overweight or obesity. Thirty-one patients (65%) were identified as URs, and the mean of Goldberg index was 0.54 +/- 0.12 (0.23 to 0.75), versus 0.95 +/- 0.12 (0.79 to 1.2) for ARs. There were no ORs among the patients studied. There were negative correlations between Goldberg index and BMI (r = -0.35, P < .01) and % body fat (r = -0.4, P < .01) and between EIrep and BMI (r = 20.58, P < .001). Conclusion: These results confirm a high prevalence of underreporting of EI in HD patients, particularly in patients with high BMI. (C) 2012 by the National Kidney Foundation, Inc. All rights reserved.