GIS-based optimal site selection of the biogas facility installation using the Best-Worst Method

Renewable energy is currently a part of the energy supply. Turkiye, which has a significant potential in terms of renewable energy, offers various supports for biogas energy production. Biogas plants should be established at appropriate locations based on their legal requirements and efficiency. In this study, the application of the Best Worst Method (BWM) and Geographic Information System (GIS) integration for determining suitable locations for biogas plant installation in Turkiye, is presented. First, a suitable region for facilities was determined in a nationwide study. Subsequently, six criteria were determined for the selection of appropriate locations in line with the opinions of experts in this region. By overlay analysis using a GIS software, six criteria were combined using weight values and a site selection suitability map was generated. This map was divided into four classes as unsuitable, low suitability, moderate suitability and high suitability. When the spatial distribution of the suitable areas for the establishment of a biogas facility was examined, it was determined that the high suitability areas were 19931 ha (7.17%), the moderate suitability areas were 22805 ha (8.20%), the low suitability areas were 18300 ha (6.58%), and the unsuitable areas were 2786 ha (1%). The restricted area in this study were 219519 ha (77.04%). In this study, the site selection process was carefully planned and local factors, regulations and environmental impacts were taken into consideration. Correct site selection for biogas plants ensures efficient, environmentally friendly and economically sustainable operation of the plant.