Corporate Social Responsibility in China: A Tool of Policy Implementation

Corporate social responsibility (CSR) in China is a result of political, regulatory, and administrative pressures and civil society pressures. The Chinese Communist Party (CCP) plays a dominant role in deciding the content of CSR, while the other influences are rather limited. As a result, Chinese CSR has not only voluntary and explicit elements but also mandatory and implicit elements. On the one hand, companies can perform CSR in a way that aligns with their commercial interests. On the other, CSR is a response to the CCP's political pressure, while corporate failure to satisfy the requirements can result in serious negative impacts on companies' business. In China, CSR has moved far from its origins as a tool of reputation enhancement and assumed a sui generis meaning as a tool of policy implementation. CSR has been evolving towards legal requirements in other jurisdictions as well, such as the EU. However, in China, the main force behind CSR comes from the CCP, which wields legislative and administrative power to promote CSR in a way that aligns with its political interests.