The effect of virtual reality on pain, kinesiophobia and function in total knee arthroplasty patients: A randomized controlled trial

Background: Virtual reality (VR) has emerged as a promising new therapeutic approach, showing promise in the treatment of patients with a variety of diseases. This study aimed to investigate the effect of VR on pain, kinesiophobia, and function in patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty (TKA).Methods: This randomized controlled trial was performed on patients who had TKA due to osteoarthritis at Gazi University Hospital from October 2019 to August 2021. For this study, 21 female TKA patients were divided into two groups by the blocked randomization method: VR (n = 10) and exercise (n = 11). The exercise group was given a home exercise program. The VR group received immersive VR application in addition to the exercise. Pain, kinesiophobia, pain catastrophizing, knee range of motion, functional status, and quality of life were assessed. The Wilcoxon Test and Mann-Whitney U Test were used for comparison of the results.Results: The VR group had a statistically significant difference in the intensity of pain at rest, at night, and during the Timed Up and Go Test (TUG), kinesiophobia, pain catastro-phizing, active knee flexion, the TUG, and the stair-climb test scores (P = 0.005 (95% confidence interval (CI) (-5.000,-1.000)), P = 0.005 (95% CI (-7.000,-2.000)), P = 0.023 (95% CI (-4.000, 0)), P = 0.006 (95% CI (-15.000,-3.000)), P = 0.012 (95% CI (-19.000,-3.000)), P = 0.010 (95% CI (4.000, 17.333)), P = 0.017 (95% CI (-14.700,-0.850)), P = 0.011 (95% CI (-23.100,-1.000)), respectively).Conclusion: In the early period following total knee arthroplasty, using virtual reality integrated with exercise helps to reduce pain, kinesiophobia and pain catastrophizing, and to improve functional outcomes in female patients.(c) 2023 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.