An Improved Adaptive Sparrow Search Algorithm for TDOA-Based Localization

The Ultra-Wideband (UWB) indoor positioning method is widely used in areas where no satellite signals are available. However, during the measurement process of UWB, the collected data contain random errors. To alleviate the effect of random errors on positioning accuracy, an improved adaptive sparrow search algorithm (IASSA) based on the sparrow search algorithm (SSA) is proposed in this paper by introducing three strategies, namely, the two-step weighted least squares algorithm, adaptive adjustment of search boundary, and producer-scrounger quantity adaptive adjustment. The simulation and field test results indicate that the IASSA algorithm achieves significantly higher localization accuracy than previous methods. Meanwhile, the IASSA algorithm requires fewer iterations, which overcomes the problem of the long computation time of the swarm intelligence optimization algorithm. Therefore, the IASSA algorithm has advantages in indoor positioning accuracy and robustness performance.