Deep learning in image segmentation for mineral production: A review

Mineral image segmentation is widely used in mining, sorting, exploration, composition analysis, and other production works. The burgeoning field of deep learning provides preferred solutions for mineral image segmentation. We present a review of recent literature in this direction, covering the module components, encoderdecoders architecture, representative networks, mineral image datasets, performance metrics, and state-of-theart models. In the application performance survey, the review contents include mineral type, image type, image resolution, image data quantity, architecture selection, and encoder network construction, as well as summarizes the advantages of deep learning-based mineral image segmentation methods. We conducted smallscale experiments for the current mainstream architectures and visualize the segmentation results for performance comparison. We also investigated the application challenges and bottlenecks of deep learning-based methods, propose several innovative directions, and discuss promising future applications.