The role of hyperleptinaemia and low values of interleukin 10 in de novo DSA production after kidney transplantation

Background: White adipose tissue secretes a number of peptide hormones. The aim of this paper was to determine the role of leptin, adiponectin and interleukin-10 and interleukin-6 on the development of graft rejection in protocol biopsy after kidney transplantation. Methods: In a prospective analysis (n = 104), we monitored the values of leptin, adiponectin, IL -6, and IL -10 prior to the transplantation and in the 3rd month after the transplantation. The protocol biopsy of the graft was performed in the 3rd month after the transplantation. The group was divided into the following according to the biopsy result: negative result, IFTA 1, borderline, and DSA positive. Results: After adjusting for the differences in the baseline recipient and donor characteristics, we identified the hyperleptinaemia baseline (HR = 2.0444, P = 0.0341) and month 3 (HR = 49.8043, P < 0.0001) as independent risk factors for borderline changes in the protocol biopsy. The hyperleptinaemia baseline (HR = 7.4979, P = 0.0071) and month 3 (HR = 9.7432, P = 0.0057) are independent risk factors for de novo DSA positivity. A low value of IL -10 month 3 is a risk factor for de novo DSA positivity (HR = 3.0746, P = 0.0388). Conclusions: Higher leptin levels and low values of IL -10 might play a role in rejection and de novo DSA production.