A review on radiation-hardened memory cells for space and terrestrial applications

Over the past four decades, single event upset (SEU) and single event multiple node upset (SEMNU) have become the major issues in the memory area. Moreover, these upsets are prone to reliability issues in space, terrestrial, military, and medical applications. This article concisely reviews different researchers and academicians who proposed resilience techniques and methods to mitigate this upset mess. In addition, we also investigated the importance of QCrit$$ {Q}_{Crit} $$ and the impact of QCrit$$ {Q}_{Crit} $$ on device scaling parameters in upset mechanism, probability of memory failure, and the figure of metrics for the stability of memory cells.