The Value of Circulating Tumor Cells and Tumor Markers Detection in Lung Cancer Diagnosis

Objective: Circulating tumor cells are complete tumor cells with multi-scale analysis values that present a high potential for lung cancer diagnosis. To enhance the accuracy of lung cancer diagnosis, we detected circulating tumor cells by the innovated conical micro filter integrated microfluidic system. Methods: We recruited 45 subjects of study, including 22 lung cancer patients, 2 precancerous patients, the control group including 14 healthy participants, and 7 patients with lung benign lesions in this prospective study. We calculated the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of circulating tumor cells, cytokeratin19 fragment, carcinoma embryonic antigen, squamous cell carcinoma, neuron-specific enolase, and their combination, respectively, while compared the circulating tumor cells levels between vein blood and arterial blood. A conical shape filter embedded in a microfluidic chip was used to improve the detection capability of circulating tumor cells. Results: The study indicated that the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of circulating tumor cells detection were 81.8%, 90.5%, 90.0%, and 82.6%, respectively. The circulating tumor cells level of lung cancer patient was significantly higher than that of the control group (P < .05). The area under the curve of circulating tumor cells, cytokeratin19 fragment, carcinoma embryonic antigen, squamous cell carcinoma, and neuron-specific enolase alone was 0.838, 0.760, 0.705, 0.614, and 0.636, respectively. The combination area under the curve of the 4 tumor markers (cytokeratin19 fragment, carcinoma embryonic antigen, squamous cell carcinoma, and neuron-specific enolase) was 0.805 less than that of circulating tumor cells alone. Together, the total area under the curve of circulating tumor cell and the 4 tumor markers were 0.847, showing the highest area under the curve value among all biomarkers. In addition, this study found that there was no significant difference in positive rate of circulating tumor cell between arterial and venous blood samples. Conclusion: The circulating tumor cells detection technology by conical micro filter integrated microfluidic could be used for lung cancer diagnosis with high sensitivity and specificity. Complementary combination of circulating tumor cells and conventional 4 lung cancer markers could enhance the clinical application accuracy. Venous blood should be used as a routine sample for circulating tumor cells detections.