Star-to-Bottlebrush Transition in Extensional and Shear Deformation of Unentangled Polymer Melts

A series of model poly((+/-)-lactide) (PLA) graft copolymers was synthesized by ring-opening metathesis polymer-ization and used to probe the star-to-bottlebrush transition in shear and extensional flows. Ten samples with backbone degrees of polymerization 11 <= Nbb <= 420 were investigated using small -amplitude oscillatory shear (SAOS) and extensional rheometry measurements. Each contained one PLA side chain of length Nsc = 72 per two backbone repeating units on average (graft density of z = 0.5). The star-like to bottlebrush transition was identified at Nbb = 50-69 using SAOS. In extension, melt strain hardening is absent in the star-like melts (Nbb <= 50) but is prominent in the bottlebrush limit (Nbb > 69). The onset of melt strain hardening occurs at a time scale equivalent to the Rouse time of the backbone. A molecular interpretation of these results builds upon recent conjectures related to strain-induced increases in interchain friction in bottlebrush polymers. These findings will be useful in designing bottlebrush melts that strain harden, which is critical in various types of processing methods involving extensional flows, including foaming, 3D printing, and film-blowing.