Gain Enhancement of Composite Photonic Crystal Microstrip Patch Antenna Inspired by Maxwell Garnett Model for C-Band, X-Band and Ku Band Applications

The latest developments in communication systems require an economical, light-weight, compact size, and excellent performance in microstrip patch antennas in order to meet the requirements of the upcoming implementation. The optical, electrical, and physical properties of different materials have an impact on the design of antennas. An innovative composite photonic crystal microstrip patch antenna with outstanding gain has been developed. For composites of fumed silica embedded in RT-Duroid dielectric material, the effective permittivity is calculated using the Maxwell-Garnett model. The performance of composite antennas for different volume fractions and various dielectric substrate thicknesses is studied. The resonance frequencies of composites also shift from the X-band to the C-band with an increase in volume concentration, which is suitable for wireless communication systems. This investigation provides a perspective on how composite substrates can represent a communication revolution by providing an alternative to substrates that are readily accessible commercially in situations when the material qualities are insufficient. The photonic crystal composite antenna records the highest gain of 13.89 dB with the coverage of C-band, X-band, and Ku-band, whereas the composite antenna reaches the best gain of 10 dB with the coverage of C-band and X-band. The current state of communication systems necessitates high-performance, low-profile, lightweight, and low-cost antennas to meet future demands. For applications employing the gigahertz (GHz) spectral band, a high-gain, innovative microstrip patch antenna design is suggested at the working frequency of 10 GHz. This investigation provides a perspective on how composite substrates can represent a communication revolution by providing an alternative to substrates that are readily accessible commercially in situations when the material qualities are insufficient. Gain and reflection coefficients (S11) findings are compared for both composite and photonic crystal antennas. The photonic crystal composite antenna records the highest gain of 13.89 dB with the coverage of C-band, X-band, and Ku-band, whereas the composite antenna reaches the best gain of 10 dB with the coverage of C-band and X-band. image