CFD simulations for layout optimal design for ground-mounted photovoltaic panel arrays

Photovoltaic (PV) power plants play an important role in regulating regional energy structures and reducing carbon emissions. The existence of PV power plants also alters the microclimate in surrounding environments, which requires an optimal design of their layout and structural parameters. PV power plants consist of arrays of ground-mounted PV panels. In this study, 3D computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations based on the shear-stress transport k-omega turbulence model were performed to study airflow around ground-mounted PV panel arrays. The accuracy of the CFD model was validated by comparing the simulated results with field data. Different scenarios were established by changing the wind velocity, arrangement of PV panel arrays (i.e., row and column spacing), and key structural parameters (i.e., panel inclination angle). The results showed that the highest drag coefficient (CD) and lift coefficients (CL) were found behind the first row of the arrays for straight winds (0 degrees and 180 degrees), while the minimum wind loads (lift and drag) are encountered by the middle of the array for oblique winds (45 degrees and 135 degrees). According to the wind resistance effect, the PV panel array with an inclination angle of 35 degrees, a column spacing of 0 m, and a row spacing of 3 m had the best efficiency of wind block. As the increase of ambient wind velocity, the inclination angle should be reduced to rise the resistance efficiency and avoid possible damage to PV panels. This study provides scientific reference for an optimal design and construction of PV power plants in terms of wind resistance.