Dual-layer spectral detector CT (SDCT) can improve the detection of mixed ground-glass lung nodules

Background Mixed ground-glass lung nodules are a high-risk factor for lung adenocarcinoma. This study aimed to analyze the value of SDCT electron density imaging in the detection of mixed ground-glass lung nodules (GGNs). Method 150 patients with GGNs confirmed by chest SDCT and surgical pathology were retrospectively analyzed. GGNs were screened by two senior radiologists by the double-blind method based on conventional CT and SDCT electron density images. Average CT values and electron density (ED) values of GGNs were measured for all, solid and ground-glass. Result Thirty pGGN cases determined by conventional CT were found to be mGGN on electron density images, including 23 in the invasive adenocarcinoma group (detection rate of 35.38%), which was significantly higher than that of the PGL group (14.89%, P < 0.05). In electron density images, average CT values and ED values in the PGL and invasive adenocarcinoma groups with pGGNs were no difference. The average CT value and ED value were significantly higher in the mGGN invasive adenocarcinoma group compared with the PGL group (P < 0.05). Meanwhile, ROC curve analysis of average CT value and ED value revealed AUC values for mGGN infiltration of 0.759 and 0.752. Conclusion SDCT can improve GGN visualization and increase the detection rate of mGGN compared with conventional CT. Attention should be paid to invasive adenocarcinoma for lung GGNs detected as mGGNs with high average CT value or ED value.