Model-based deep reinforcement learning for data-driven motion control of an under-actuated unmanned surface vehicle: Path following and trajectory tracking

Unmanned surface vehicles (USVs) are a promising marine robotic platform for numerous poten-tial applications in ocean space due to their small size, low cost, and high autonomy. Modelling and control of USVs is a challenging task due to their intrinsic nonlinearities, strong couplings, high uncer-tainty, under-actuation, and multiple constraints. Well designed motion controllers may not be effective when exposed in the complex and dynamic sea environment. The paper presents a fully data-driven learning-based motion control method for an USV based on model-based deep reinforcement learning. Specifically, we first train a data-driven prediction model based on a deep network for the USV by using recorded input and output data. Based on the learned prediction model, model predictive motion controllers are presented for achieving trajectory tracking and path following tasks. It is shown that after learning with random data collected from the USV, the proposed data-driven motion controller is able to follow trajectories or parameterized paths accurately with excellent sample efficiency. Simulation results are given to illustrate the proposed deep reinforcement learning scheme for fully data-driven motion control without any a priori model information of the USV.(c) 2023 The Franklin Institute. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.