Computational Fluid Dynamics Simulations of a Novel Dual-Throat Bent Nozzle

Thrust vectoring is a key technology that enables vertical takeoff and landing by controlling the direction of the thrust produced by a jet engine. A new hybrid thrust vectoring solution, the dual-throat bent nozzle (DTBN), has been introduced, and its performance is evaluated using computational fluid dynamics simulations. Both a 2D axisymmetric model and a 3D model with symmetry plane are developed with the k-omega\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$\omega $$\end{document} SST turbulence model. The numerical results are validated against experimental data for a dual-throat nozzle by comparing the system resultant thrust ratio Cfg,sys\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$C_{fg,sys}$$\end{document}, primary nozzle discharge coefficient Cd,prim\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$C_{d,prim}$$\end{document}, and upper wall pressure Pu\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$P_u$$\end{document}. The DTBN design incorporates a transition region in the middle section, and its thrust vectoring angle is analyzed by varying the bent angle. Compared to the conventional three-bearing swivel nozzle-based duct nozzle, the DTBN demonstrates significant improvement in thrust vectoring angle and is expected to further advance hybrid thrust vectoring for vertical takeoff and landing applications.