Review of biotechnological advances in mahogany (Swietenia macrophylla King): in vitro culture and genetic transformation

Mahogany (Swietenia macrophylla King) is a valuable tropical timber species, yet its cultivation faces significant challenges due to biotic and abiotic stressors. Recent advancements in in vitro culture and genetic transformation techniques offer promising avenues for addressing these issues. This review synthesizes the progress made in optimizing tissue culture protocols, including the establishment of efficient regeneration systems and somatic embryogenesis. Moreover, we explore advancements in Rhizobium radiobacter-mediated transformation, highlighting factors that influence transformation efficiency, such as bacterial strains, cocultivation conditions, and selection markers. The integration of these biotechnological approaches is crucial for sustainable mahogany management and conservation, ensuring its economic and ecological viability in the face of environmental challenges.