Research progress of micro-nano bubbles in environmental remediation: Mechanisms, preparation methods, and applications

Micro-nano bubble technology, with its unique physicochemical properties, has demonstrated remarkable application potential in the field of environmental remediation. Compared to traditional macro-bubbles, micronano bubbles exhibit exceptional stability in solutions due to their minute size, superior mass transfer efficiency, and pronounced interfacial potential characteristics, effectively resisting coalescence and rupture, thereby prolonging their persistence in environmental media. Currently, the pressurized dissolution of micro-nano bubbles stands as an outstanding approach in environmental governance. This process not only fosters the generation of free radicals and the release of energy but also significantly enhances gas transfer efficiency, effectively disrupting the oxidative structures of pollutants and facilitating the transport and transformation of pollutant residues as a carrier. Micro-nano bubbles play pivotal roles across multiple domains of environmental remediation. In the realm of oil contamination, whether it be soil or oily sludge remediation, micro-nano bubbles demonstrate formidable degradation capabilities. In terms of water pollution treatment, ranging from surface water, groundwater, to industrial wastewater, micro-nano bubble technology proves effective, markedly enhancing water purification efficiency. In the field of agricultural remediation, micro-nano bubbles can save water, increase production, clean and decontaminate. In addition, it also plays an important role in the fields of material modification and membrane fouling remediation. Finally, the economic benefits of micro-nano bubbles and the existing research gaps are further analyzed, and its development direction is speculated: pollution control lacks long-term tracking, and there is a lack of attention to the possible secondary pollution caused by catalysts. The behavior and mechanism of micro-nano bubbles under different environmental conditions are further explored. Optimize its preparation and application methods, pay attention to the energy consumption and economic possibilities of the process, and promote its application in actual environmental remediation.