Real-time ultrasound shear wave elastography using a local phase gradient

Background and Objective: Current approaches for ultrasound spectral elastography make use of block processing, resulting in long computational times. This work describes a real-time, robust, and quantitative imaging modality to map the elastic and viscoelastic properties of soft tissues using ultrasound. Methods: This elastographic technique relies on the spectral estimation of the shear-wave phase speed by combining a local phase-gradient method and angular filtering. We first apply directional filtering in the spatio-temporal frequency domain for providing one-way, smooth, and harmonic displacement maps in the frequency range of interest. Thanks to this, we can apply a simple, fast, and local phase gradient approach to obtain the axial and lateral components of the wavevector, which are linked to phase velocity and soft-tissue elasticity and viscoelasticity. The technique is validated numerically and experimentally using a 7.6 MHz ultrasound probe, tested in calibrated soft-tissue phantoms and ex vivo liver tissues. The method is compared with state-of-the-art spectral methods. Results: The technique significantly reduces the computation time, e.g., the reconstruction time for a 155 × 315-pixel phase-velocity map was 0.16 s, while local-phase velocity-imaging techniques was 156.73 s for 2D implementation and 13.56 s for the 1D version, a reduction between two and three orders of magnitude, while showing a similar accuracy and resolution than standard methods. Conclusions: This approach eliminates the need for block processing that may limit the spatial resolution and computational time of the velocity map. In this way, the phase gradient elastography method is revealed as an efficient and robust approach for real-time spectral elastography. © 2024 The Authors