TiN versus TiSiN coatings in indentation, scratch and wear setting

The indentation response, scratch behaviour and wear performance of binary TiN and ternary TiSiN coatings under a variety of loading conditions were comparatively studied. The coatings were fabricated onto M42 steel substrates via closed field unbalanced magnetron sputtering ion plating. A maximum hardness value of ~40 GPa was obtained for one of the TiSiN coatings as compared to ~28 GPa for TiN. This was attributed to the nanocomposite structure, grain refinement, solid solution hardening and the higher compressive residual stress in the ternary coatings. The damage resistance of both the TiN and TiSiN coatings under indentation loading was governed by the dampening effects of sliding or shearing of the columnar grains along the grain boundaries coupled with the coatings’ respective mechanical characteristics. Improved scratch adhesion properties (i.e., higher LC1, LC2 and CPR values) were also observed for the TiSiN coatings that were underlain by their superior mechanical properties along with the graded structure, promoting the capacity to resist crack formation and delamination. Lower wear rates for the TiSiN coatings during dry sliding were found to be consistent with their higher H/Er, H3/Er2 and We values. © 2021 Elsevier B.V.