Evaluating Commercial Electrical Neuromodulation Devices with Low-Cost Neural Phantoms

被引:0
|
作者
LaRocco, John [1 ]
Eom, Taeyoon [2 ]
Seth, Ekansh [2 ]
Gandhi, Vania [2 ]
Bontempo, Anna [2 ]
Zachariah, Eric [2 ]
机构
[1] Ohio State Univ, Wexner Med Ctr, Columbus, OH 43210 USA
[2] Ohio State Univ, Elect & Comp Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA
来源
APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL | 2024年 / 14卷 / 14期
关键词
amplitude modulated transcranial direct current stimulation; brain phantom; electrical neuromodulation; neural phantom; DIRECT-CURRENT STIMULATION; ELECTRODES; SAFETY; TISSUE; TDCS;
D O I
10.3390/app14146328
中图分类号
O6 [化学];
学科分类号
0703 ;
摘要
Non-invasive transcranial electrical stimulation is a category of neuromodulation techniques used for various disorders. Although medically approved devices exist, the variety of consumer electrical stimulation devices is increasing. Because clinical trials and animal tests are costly and risky, using a brain phantom can provide preliminary experimental validation. However, existing brain phantoms are often costly or require excessive preparation time, precluding their use for rapid, real-time optimization of stimulation settings. A limitation of direct electric fields in a phantom is the lack of 3D spatial resolution. Using well-researched modalities such as transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) and newer modalities such as amplitude-modulated transcranial pulsed-current stimulation (am-tPCS), a range of materials was tested for use as electrical phantoms. Based on cost, preparation time, and efficiency, ground beef and agar gel with a 10% salt mix were selected. The measured values for the total dosages were 0.55 W-s for am-tPCS and 0.91 W-s for tDCS. Due to a low gain on the recording electrodes, the signal efficiency measured against the power delivered was 4.2% for tDCS and 3.1% for am-tPCS. Issues included electrodes shifting in the soft material and the low sensitivity of the recording electrodes. Despite these issues, the effective combination of the phantom and recording methodologies can enable low costs and the rapid testing, experimentation, and verification of consumer neuromodulation devices in three dimensions. Additionally, the efficiency factors (EFs) between the observed dosage and the delivered dosage could streamline the comparison of experimental configurations. As demonstrated by comparing two types of electrical neuromodulation devices across the 3D space of a phantom, EFs can be used in conjunction with a cost-effective, time-expedient phantom to rapidly iterate and optimize stimulation parameters.
引用
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页数:15
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