Co-estimation of state-of-charge and capacity for series-connected battery packs based on multi-method fusion and field data

Accurate state-of-charge (SOC) and capacity estimations are of great importance for the performance management, predictive maintenance, and safe operation of lithium-ion battery packs in electric vehicles (EVs). However, it is quite challenging to estimate real-world large-sized EV battery packs due to the unpredictable operating profiles and large measurement disturbances. This article proposes an adaptive onboard SOC and capacity co-estimation framework, which incorporates a multi-timescale hierarchy and integrates multiple individual methods adaptively to practical driving profiles. First, this framework considers the most evident inconsistency between battery cells and periodically screens the weakest cells in a long timescale (week-level). Subsequently, the SOC of the battery pack is accurately estimated in a short timescale (in real-time) based on multi-method fusion. Finally, the capacity of the battery pack is periodically calibrated in a medium timescale (minute-level) based on an adaptive state filter and reliable SOC estimation. Both the laboratory and field data were used for validation, and the results demonstrated the proposed method achieved accurate SOC and capacity estimations of large-sized EV battery packs, with the maximum root mean squared errors of <0.7% and <3.2 %, respectively, and it was run five times faster than the multi-cell model-based method.