Uniform Lighting of High-Power LEDs at a Short Distance to Plants for Energy-Saving and High-Density Indoor Farming

A tunable LED panel with multiple types of LEDs on a panel can provide various spectra for optimal plant growth. However, it is difficult for a lighting panel with multiple types of high-power LEDs to achieve uniform lighting. We demonstrated that by using optical reflectors at the sides of an LED panel to trap photons of LED arrays or using both the above-mentioned reflectors and optical lenses on each LED, high lighting uniformity can be achieved at a short distance to plants. The ray tracing simulation results show that the LED panel equipped with reflectors and optical lenses can achieve a high uniformity of >0.80 when the LED-plant distance is at half of the LED array's pitch. We further verified that an LED panel (at a size of 88 cm x 54 cm) installed with reflectors can achieve light uniformities around 0.90 at a 15 cm LED-plant distance for the 6 types of LEDs (4 color LEDs and 2 white LEDs) on the panel. Compared with a branded tunable LED panel, our LED panel saves >25 cm vertical distance for each tier of plants and has 92.5% higher photon efficacy for 660 nm LEDs that exist on both panels.