Relationship between the intravascular enhancement sign on three-dimensional T1-weighted turbo spin echo and intraluminal thrombus in middle cerebral atherosclerosis

Purpose: To investigate the association between the intravascular enhancement sign (IVES) and intraluminal thrombus (ILT) detected by high -resolution magnetic resonance vessel wall imaging (HR-VWI) in patients with middle cerebral artery (MCA) atherosclerosis. Method: The data of patients who underwent HR-VWI between May 2021 and May 2023, including clinical information, the number of IVES vessels, stenosis degree, ILT, plaque features on 3D T1 -weighted turbo spin echo sequences, and signal intensity ratio (SIR) on 3D time -of -flight magnetic resonance angiography, were retrospectively analyzed. Correlation and logistic regression analyses were performed. Results: A total of 194 MCA plaques were identified in 132 patients (103 [53 %] on the left). Atherosclerosis with, relative to without, ILT was associated with a higher incidence of ischemic events, higher plaque enhancement and stenosis degrees, more vessels with IVES, and lower remodeling ratio, lumen area, wall area, total vessel area, and SIR. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed significant and independent associations of the number of IVES vessels (OR = 1.089; 95 % CI [1.013 -1.170]; P = 0.020) and SIR (OR = 0.007; 95 % CI [0.0004 -0.124]; P < 0.001) with ILT. The number of vessels with the IVES (AUC = 0.81, 95 % CI [0.75 -0.87]; P < 0.001) and SIR (AUC = 0.88, 95 % CI [0.82 -0.94]; P < 0.001) sufficiently diagnosed ILT, and the AUC of the combination of the IVES and SIR was 0.89 (95 % CI [0.84 -0.94]; P < 0.001). Conclusion: The number of IVES vessels and SIR are independent risk factors for ILT. They may provide new monitoring targets for stroke prevention in patients with atherosclerotic stenosis.