Second-order discontinuous ODEs and billiard problems

We present an existence principle for boundary value problems involving discontinuous ordinary differential equations of the second order using the Krasovskii regularization technique. Especially we obtain sufficient conditions of transversality type for Krasovskii solutions to be also Caratheodory solutions of the original problem. This result is applied on a certain billiard problem, which can be thought as an ordinary differential equation with state-dependent impulses that is equivalent to certain discontinuous differential equation. In particular, we obtain new existence and multiplicity results for Dirichlet problems in billiard spaces with time-varying boundaries. (c) 2024 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Inc. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http:// creativecommons .org /licenses /by -nc -nd /4 .0/).