Geometric combinatorics of polynomials I: The case of a single polynomial

There are many different algebraic, geometric and combinatorial objects that one can attach to a complex polynomial with distinct roots. In this article we introduce a new object that encodes many of the existing objects that have previously appeared in the literature. Concretely, for every complex polynomial p with d distinct roots and degree at least 2, we produce a canonical compact planar 2-complex that is a compact metric version of a tiled phase diagram. It has a locally CAT(0) metric that is locally Euclidean away from a finite set of interior points indexed by the critical points of p, and each of its 2-cells is a metric rectangle. From this planar rectangular 2-complex one can use metric graphs known as metric cacti and metric banyans to read off several pieces of combinatorial data: a chain in the partition lattice, a cyclic factorization of a d-cycle, a real noncrossing partition (also known as a primitive d-major), and the monodromy permutations for the polynomial. This article is the first in a series. (c) 2021 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Inc. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license