Neuromuscular electrical stimulation in the intensive care unit

In relation to the ongoing progress in patient management in the intensive care unit (ICU), the survival rate of many chronic illnesses has significantly increased in the recent years. However, during ICU stay, structural and functional muscle deteriorations systematically occur and result in various functional consequences. In order to counteract and reduce these complications, alternative strategies such as neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) may be considered. Initiating exercise training as soon as possible improves patient's prognosis in the ICU. The aim of the present review is to discuss the potential effects, mechanisms, and technical aspects of NMES. Preliminary results regarding the use of this training program in the ICU are encouraging. However, further research should be performed to better understand the mechanisms involved in this therapy.