Comparison of Antibacterial Efficacy of Turmeric Extract, Morinda Citrifolia and 3% Sodium Hypochlorite on Enterococcus faecalis: An In-vitro Study

Introduction: Sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), the most commonly used irrigant, has many potential properties like its unique ability to dissolve pulp tissue, excellent antimicrobial activity, but has a cytotoxic effect when injected into periapical tissues. It is also known to produce allergic reactions, foul smell and taste, and potential for corrosion. Facultative organisms such as Enterococcus faecalis and aerobes like Staphylococcus aureus are considered to be the most resistant species and one of the possible causes of root canal treatment failure. So there is a need to find an alternative to sodium hypochlorite to act against these resistant microorganisms. Aim: To evaluate and compare the antibacterial efficacy of morinda citrifolia and turmeric extract with 3% NaOCl as a root canal irrigant, against E. faecalis and S. aureus. Materials and Methods: The antimicrobial efficacy was assessed in vitro using agar well diffusion method. Agar plates were prepared using Brain-Heart Infusion (BHI) agar. Cultures of E. faecalis and S. aureus were grown in nutrient broth at 37 degrees C. Plates were incubated for 24 hours at 37 degrees C and microbial zones of inhibition were recorded. Statistical analysis was performed using ANOVA. Results: NaOCl (3%) showed larger zones of inhibition than herbal irrigants against both the microorganisms. Among the herbal irrigants, morinda citrifolia showed larger zones of inhibition than turmeric hydro-alcoholic extract and turmeric water extract which was statistically significant (p<0.05). Conclusion: NaOCl (3%) showed maximum antibacterial activity against E. faecalis, followed by morinda citrifolia and turmeric extracts. Considering the potential for undesirable properties of NaOCl, use of herbal alternatives in endodontics might prove to be advantageous.