Spatial analysis of typhoid fever vulnerability in the city of Batna (eastern Algeria)

Identifying the risk areas of typhoid fever cases is critical in typhoid control. This paper aims to explore the potential of spatial analysis, using kernel density estimation (KDE) to map the spatial distribution of typhoid fever vulnerability in the city of Batna. The major influencing factors are weighted and integrated into a geospatial database established through cross-connections between water supply and sanitation networks. The result showed a significant trend in the distribution of typhoid fever vulnerability, with 4% (49 districts) of the entire city area found to be highly vulnerable. In addition, the comparison indicated a strong correlation between interpolated and declared typhoid fever cases. These results will enable the authorities to monitor the spread of the disease and implement precautionary measures in the future.