Optimal programming management of ventricular tachycardia storm in ICD patients

Ventricular tachycardia storm (VTS) is defined as a life-threatening syndrome of three or more separate episodes of ventricular tachycardia (VT) leading to implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) therapy within 24 hours. Patients with VTS have poor outcomes and require immediate medical attention. ICD shocks have been shown to be associated with increased mortality in several studies. Optimal programming in minimization of ICD shocks may decrease mortality. Large controlled trials showed that long detection time and high heart rate detection threshold reduced ICD shock burden without an increase in syncope or death. As a fundamental therapy of ICD, antit-achycardia pacing (ATP) can terminate most slow VT with a low risk of acceleration. For fast VT, burst pacing is more effective and less likely to result in acceleration than ramp pacing. One algorithm of optimal programming management during a VTS is presented in the review.