THE CONCEPT "CULTURE" IN DICTIONARIES OF RUSSIAN FOLK DIALECTS

The article discusses the concept of culture as a component of the Russian dialect concept sphere. Unlike most of the described concepts that can be considered native, the concept under study is a late formation that came to dialects from the literary concept sphere, and originally converts in the folk speech environment. Regional dictionaries can be the main source of the culture concept reconstruction, in the absence of data of dialect corpora and associative experiments with dialect speakers. The concept "culture" in the ordinary consciousness of local dialect speakers is represented through the understanding of all sides of human existence in the spheres of the material and the spiritual, the social and the natural. The spiritual aspects of this phenomenon include the components "acquisition of knowledge", "education", "adherence to norms of the codified language", "adherence to norms of behavior accepted in the society", "observance of measures", "politeness", "self-restraint in the manifestation of negative emotions". At the same time there are no contexts in which culture is related to art and literature. The material side of culture is related to the improvement of living conditions, social and family life, the transition from the old to the modern structure of everyday life, to following fashion. The cultural attributes of artifacts include "design improvement", "ease of use", "external appeal", "elegance of form, small size". Among natural facts everything that is found in the wild is opposed to what is grown and cultivated by man as uncultured and cultural. Nuclear means of expression are words with the root -cultur- (many of them are antonymous pairs), peripheral ones are words that enter hyponymy and synonymy relations with the former. A special feature of the concept under consideration is its antinomic organization implemented through the system of oppositions with a diametrically opposite evaluation of manifestations of culture and of lack of it. The dichotomous verbalization of the concept is supported by a number of other oppositions on temporal and social scales: the cultural refers to the present, to educated citizens and young people, the uncultured to the past and to the elderly dialect speakers. The diversity of the culture concept meanings reflected in regional dictionaries, the presence of the all-Russian dialect means of expressing the concept, the function of such words in a variety of genres and forms of speech indicate its primary development in the folk speech environment. There is interaction between culture and other components of the dialect concept sphere: MAN, TIME, CITY, SPEECH, HOUSE, LAND, FASHION, RELIGION, etc. The distinctive features of the considered concept are determined by the high degree of abstraction of the concept "culture" that generates a lot of more specific meanings, by the low frequency of the concept representatives, by the domination of antonymous relations between them, by the lack of idioms, metaphorical nominations and proverbs. The latter fact is the cause of the particular structure of the concept that includes the conceptual and axiological layers and almost lacks figurative and symbolic ones.