Electronically Tunable CCCCTA-based Cascadable Current-Mode Universal Biquad Filters

Two electronically tunable CCCCTA-based cascadable current-mode universal biquad filters are presented. The First proposed filter employs only three current controlled current conveyor trans-conductance amplifiers (CCCCTAs) and two capacitors one of which is permanently grounded. The second proposed filter employs only three CCCCTAs and three grounded capacitors. Each of two proposed filters realizes low pass (LP), band pass (BP), and high pass (HP) responses, simultaneously. Both the filter circuits can also realize regular notch (RN) and all pass (AP) responses with interconnection of relevant output currents. The low pass notch (LPN) and high pass notch (HPN) responses in each filter can also be realized. The circuit enjoys an independent current control of pole frequency and bandwidth. Both the active and passive sensitivities are no more than unity. The validity of proposed filter is verified through computer simulations using P-SPICE, the industry standard tool.