Integrity and corruption risks in Water Service Delivery in Kenya and Ghana

This paper introduces a methodology to explore corruption risks in Water Service Delivery (WSD) which is applied in case studies of three water utilities in Kenya and one in Ghana. The methodology builds on a principal-agent framework in assessing the integrity of the relationships between the actors involved in WSD at three levels: policy and regulation, service provision, and water consumption. The integrity of the relationship between the actors is analyzed by a practitioner's approach to transparency, accountability and participation (TAP) in order to identify corruption risk. The definitions used in this paper enhance the clarity of the methodology and facilitates actor involvement in the analysis. Case study results show that important corruption risks exist in WSD in Ghana and Kenya. These risks are presented in relation to corruption theory.