Civil Service in Mengjiang and its Legal Regulation

The article describes the Institute of Public Service of the State Mengjiang which in the 1930s and 1940s claimed to leadership in the world of Mongolian peoples. The article discloses institutional framework of public service, procedures for filling positions, the basic requirements, rights and obligations applicable to public servants, measures of rewards and punishments. The problems related to the legal regulation of the civil service, the role and place of the Japanese side in the organization of the civil service. Mengjiang was formed with the participation of the Kwantung Army Command and considered by Japan as a springboard for an attack on the USSR. The state apparatus was formed. It included the public authorities at the national level and the level of administrative and territorial units, which formed the basis of Mengjiang. This political establishment's phenomenon is poorly studied in the scientific literature. Nevertheless, the highest public office became the subject of separate research works, as opposed to the issues of civil service. This article fills in this gap. On the basis of published documents (regulations, statistical and accounting data, reports, memoirs of participants of events, as well as data obtained by modern researchers) it became possible to manage building a detailed picture of the appointment to public office and the implementation of their duties. On the question of the formation of the state apparatus as on the top-level and at the average positions, the occupying forces' approach was careful. Despite the lack of a single legal act regulating this field of public relations, local acts that were taken at different times in the form of regulations, decrees and other documents regulated most aspects in great detail. The status of civil servant gave a number of privileges and guarantees, but officials were not equal to it - the priority was given to the Japan natives. Sectoral regulation of certain issues was actively practiced, including the requirements for the candidate, the promotion etc. In August 1945, the majority of public servants have lost their jobs and privileges, some have been prosecuted for their cooperation with the Japanese invaders, and the state apparatus, as does Mengjiang, was eliminated.