Pattern of similarities/differences in time orientation and advertising attitudes A cross-cultural comparison of Georgian and Macau consumers

Purpose - The empirical, cross-national study reported here examines how time orientations influence attitudes toward advertising in two emerging Asian economies with very different background and time orientation, namely Macau and Georgia. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach - Questionnaire was used as an instrument to conduct a survey for the study. The questionnaire design was adapted from Rojas-Mendez et al. study. The two samples were collected through either a drop-off-and-pick-up method or street-intercept interview. Findings - Georgians are found to be more past oriented and had had more suspicious feelings about advertising whereas Macau data indicated more future-orientation was the most dominant dimensions and they had better dispositions towards advertising. Practical implications - With the findings, managers of different time orientation markets can consider one more factor to strike for the optimal balance in placing their promotional budget between pull and push strategy, and between above-the-line and below-the-line activities when executing the pull strategy. Social implications - Government of different time orientation can be more informed of the effectiveness of using advertising to communicate with its citizens in its culture. Originality/value - Studies on how time orientation relates to attitudes toward advertising are few and such relationship appears to be never compared within two Asian countries with very different background and time orientation.