CONGENITAL-ABNORMALITIES OF THE GENITALIA OF CATTLE, SHEEP, GOATS, AND PIGS

The essential steps in embryology of the genitalia and its sexual differentiation, are briefly reviewed. The major intersex states in domestic ruminants and pigs are briefly considered. Major attention is directed to anomalies of the reproductive organs of mature female and male animals that are likely to compromise fertility. Emphasis is placed on clinical and pathologic findings and on occurrence and pathogenesis of recorded defects.