Spinal Infections Vertebral Osteomyelitis, Epidural Abscess, Diskitis

Patients with infections of the spine (vertebral osteomyelitis, diskitis, and epidural abscess) may encounter diagnostic delay because of an occult presentation with nonspecific signs and symptoms. Diagnostic delay is associated with poorer outcomes, including disability. This article reviews the importance, risk factors, diagnosis, causes, management, and complications of spinal infections. Special consideration is given to epidural abscess and spinal implant-associated vertebral osteomyelitis, because these conditions alter management. © 2013 Elsevier Inc.