The article analyzes the new US Federalism approach assumed during the last two decades by the Rehnquist's Court. The Supreme Court defends a restrictive interpretation of the powers of the Congress (interstate commerce clause, Section 5 of the Fourteenth Amendment and with the Tenth Amendment). At the same time, the Supreme Court uses widely the preemption doctrine. It is soon to announce the continuation or not of this Federalism Revolution, but it seems that the current Roberts's Court substantially follows Rehnquist's doctrine, and Obama's Administration is in favor of a "progressive Federalism" with a more cooperation between Central and States' authorities.