The authors compared the species composition of aquatic insects in the streams and rivers of the Small Carpathians and Zahorie region (the Morava river basin). They discovered considerable differences in the settlement of these regions caused by their different physiographic characteristics. For assessment of sozological localities significance a biosozology index was suggested. With respect to the occurrence of most endangered, vulnerable, and rare species the middle part of the river Rudava appears to be most valuable. The occurrence of the following species has been confirmed there: Heptagenia flava, Brachycercus harrisellus (Ephemeroptera), Taeniopteryx nebulosa, Periodes dispar, Isoptena serricornis (Plecoptera), Aphelocheirus aestivalis (Heteroptera), Dixa nubilipennis, Dixa nebulosa, Atherix ibis (Diptera). The authors recommended very strict preservation measures particularly in this region.