Computer-assisted Spinal Navigation: An Intraoperative Tool in Minimally Invasive Spinal Surgery

In the routine performance of minimally invasive surgery, computer-assisted spinal navigation technologies blend anatomic information with real-time visual feedback. Over time, navigation systems have been adapted to multiple imaging modalities. These systems have been shown to be at least comparable with conventional techniques when accuracy of hardware placement, size of incision, and procedural speed are compared. Computer-assisted spinal navigation can be an invaluable tool when paired with complex revision anatomy or in situations where traditional direct visualization of anatomy is impaired. Modern spinal navigation systems are available from most of the major medical device manufacturers, and are being adopted in many tertiary care centers and spine specialty practices. Herein, we discuss the basics of spinal navigation technology as they relate to minimally invasive surgery and review the literature regarding navigation efficacy.