GAMMA-TUBULIN AND THE FUNGAL MICROTUBULE CYTOSKELETON

gamma-Tubulin is present in phylogenetically diverse eukaryotes. It is a component of microtubule organizing centers such as the spindle pole bodies of fungi. In Aspergillus nidulans and Schizosaccharomyces pombe, it is essential for nuclear division, and, thus, for viability. In A, nidulans, nuclei carrying a gamma-tubulin disruption can be maintained in heterokaryons, and the phenotypes caused by the disruption can be determined in uninucleate spores produced by the heterokaryons. Experiments with heterokaryons created in strains with mutations that allow synchronization of the cell cycle reveal that gamma-tubulin is not required for the transition from the G(1) phase of the cell cycle through S phase to G(2), nor for the entry into mitosis as judged by chromosomal condensation. It is, however, required for the formation of the mitotic spindle and for the successful completion of mitosis. Staining with the MPM-2 monoclonal antibody reveals that spindle pole body replication occurs in the absence of functional gamma-tubulin. Finally, human gamma-tubulin functions in fission yeast, and this indicates that gamma-tubulin has similar functions in widely divergent organisms.