Prevalence of Vitamin D Deficiency in Young Smokers

Aim: To find out the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in young smokers and to explore its relationship with sociodemographic and lifestyle variables like age, smoking, alcohol utilization and calcium intake through diet. Methods: Total of 532 young adult smokers were included from Jan 2017 to Nov 2017.Most of the participants were young male patients vistis medical outdoor of services hospital lahore . For the purpose of multivariate regression analysis all the subject was categorize on basis of vitamin D efficiency in the serum; vitamin D efficiency (S-25[OH]D>50 nmol/L), Vitamin D insufficiency (25nmol/L <= S-25[OH]D <= 50 nmol/L), vitamin D deficiency (S-25[OH]D<25 nmol/L). Information on sociodemographic and lifestyle variables like age, smoking, alcohol utilization and calcium intake through diet was obtained by questionnaires. Results: The incidence of vitamin D deficiency in 532 adult smokers with valid depth of S-25[OH]D and variables in questionnaire was analyzed. 206 young adult had vitamin D insufficieny, 117 had vitamin D deficiency of which 43 had severe vitamin D deficiency(S-25[OH]D<13.1 nmol/L). The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency was highest in male 2.03(1.63,2.93);obese adults 4.00(2.374.74);smokers 1.78 (1.24,1.93);adults who use fast food once a week 1.67(1.43,2.32); and adults who never exercised was 1.13(1.03,2.56).Multinomial regression analysis confirmed that a young smoker (19-29y) had 67% increased possibility of facing vitamin D deficiency compared to a non-smoker of the equal age group (p=0.048). Conclusion: A high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency was indentified in young male adult smoker population. Modifiable risk factors such as smoking, preservation of normal BMI, and physical activity are all targets for improving vitamin D deficiency.