ANTHOCYANIN PIGMENTS OF RED TETRAPLOID GRAPE CULTIVARS (VITIS-VINIFERA L X V-LABRUSCA L)

The anthocyanin pigments of red-fruited tetraploid grapes, 'Red Queen', 'Olympia', 'Beni Zuiho', 'Beni Fuji', 'Ryuho', and 'Honey Red' were examined by thin-layer chromatography and reflection densitometry. Eight spots were separated, and they were identifies to pigments by their Rf values, molybdate shift and color reactions in the visible and ultra-violet regions. 'Ryuho' contained five anthocyanins; decreasing order of concentration, cyanidin-3-monoglucoside acylated with p-coumaric acid, cyanidin-3-monoglucoside, delphinidin-3-monoglucoside, acylated with p-coumaric acid and delphindin-3,5-diglucoside, ' Beni Zuiho' contained six. the same as 'Ryuho' plus cyanidin-3, 5-diglucoside, 'Beni Fuji' and 'Honey Red', the same as 'Beni Zuiho' plus petunidin-3-monoglucoside, 'Red Queen', the same as 'Beni Fuji' plus peonidin-3, 5-diglucoside but lacked delphinidin-3, 5-diglucoside, and 'Olympia', the same as 'Red Queen', lacking delphinidin-3, 5-diglucoside acylated with p-coumaric acid. The aglycone level pigments were cyanidin and delphinidin in 'Beni Zuiho' and 'Ryuho', and cyanidin, delphinidin and petunidin in 'Beni Fuji' and 'Honey Red'. Peonidin was also present in 'Red Queen' and 'Olympia'. All cultivars lacked malvidin. The red tetraploid grape cultivars which lack malvidin may be useful as breeding materials for fresh red-skinned large berries.