The discovery and use of fossil fuels have not only helped the evolution of human society from agricultural civilization to industrial civilization, but also caused serious environmental and climate problems. The earth is calling for a sustainable future, and a change from industrial civilization to ecological civilization based on the new "energy revolution". A macroscopic quantitative analysis of China's environmental capacity and climate capacity shows that China is in urgent need of changing the extensive developing mode and having an energy revolution. It is foreseeable that fossil fuels will remain the most consumed source of energies in China now and in the next few decades. Although the efficient and clean use of fossil fuels are very important, this is not an energy revolution or the fundamental solution to environmental and climate problems. Unconventional gases including shale gas play an important role in the mitigation of environmental problems and climate change, but "shale gas revolution" or "shale gas era" is not suitable to China since the proportion of natural gas in primary energy structure in China can only be increased by a maximum of 20%. The transition of Chinese energy structure from fossil-fuels-dominating stage to multiple-energy-sources stage and then to a nonfossil-fuels-dominating stage is the inevitable future, with the help of great contribution from renewable energy and nuclear energy. Among renewable energies, the proportion of non-hydro renewable energies will gradually increase. Improvement of their market competitiveness (economic efficiency) relies on technological innovation. Renewable energies will be the main energy source for the earth in future. Despite the impact of the Fukushima nuclear disaster, the whole world, including China, will not give up nuclear energy development. Safe, steady, and large-scale development of nuclear power is a rational choice of China. Transition from nuclear fission power plant to nuclear fusion power plant is the inevitable future. Nuclear energy will be a sustainable energy source and another main energy source of the earth in future. China needs to enhance energy security consciousness, promote energy saving, and change the energy supply-demand patterns, that is the transition from "meet a too-fast-growing demand with an extensive supply" to "meet a reasonable demand with a rational supply". All countries need to work together to address global environmental problems and climate change. Energy revolution is the foundation for a sustainable future. With a wide range of international cooperation, the win-win cooperation is the only way of overcoming these challenges.
