Comparative Study of Antireflection Coating Materials for Solar Thermal Collectors

Locally available absorber and antireflection coating materials for solar thermal collectors have been assessed and tested for performance compared to ordinary commercial black paint used in solar water heaters and solar cookers. Absorber plates made of aluminum and iron sheet metals coated with blackboard paint, commercial black paint, and black ABRO spray were prepared. These materials were tested for thermal performance on a natural circulation flat plate solar water heater and plastic bottles. Comparison has been made separately for both absorber material and coating materials which showed that the iron sheet and black ABRO spray to have the highest absorptance. On a clear sky radiation of 973.5W/m(2), a maximum stagnation temperature of 99.2 degrees C and 107.5 degrees C is achieved on the black ABRO spray painted aluminum sheet metal and iron sheet metal respectively. This is because ABRO black paint has the highest absorptance for wavelengths of below 2.5 mu m and low thermal emittance for wavelengths above 2.5 mu m. During the testing of solar water heaters, an increase in temperature of 14.9 degrees C at the outlet from absorber plate and 7.5 degrees C at the surface of storage tanker has been achieved when using ABRO black spray. This is attributed to the highest absorptance for wave lengths of below 2.5 mu m and low thermal emittance for wave lengths above 2.5 mu m of ABRO black paint. As can be concluded, iron sheet metal which is cheap and easily available is best for solar thermal applications and provides significant benefit in cost reduction. Furthermore, the cost for ABRO black paint is similar to other coating materials and it can easily be applied on the surface of absorber materials.