EXTENSIONAL FAULT SYSTEMS IN SEDIMENTARY BASINS - A REVIEW OF ANALOG MODEL STUDIES

被引:177
|
作者
MCCLAY, KR
机构
[1] Department of Geology, Royal Holloway and Bedford New College, University of London, Egham, Surrey TW20 0EX, Egham Hill
关键词
analogue models; extensional fault systems; sedimentary basins;
D O I
10.1016/0264-8172(90)90001-W
中图分类号
P [天文学、地球科学];
学科分类号
07 ;
摘要
Scaled analogue models have provided graphic new insights into the progressive development of extensional fault systems. This paper reviews recent results of an on-going analogue modelling programme and compares the structural styles in the models with examples of natural extensional fault systems. Four fundamental model styles, scaled to simulate deformation in brittle sedimentary rocks in the upper 10 km of the crust, are reviewed. Extension above a basal detachment which undergoes stretching over a limited are produces an asymmetric rift graben bounded by planar faults and in which the internal deformation is accommodated by rotational domino faults. These experimental results are directly comparable to structures found in intracontinental rifts. Extension above a basal detechment which undergoes extension under the whole model and which has no constraints at the ends produces domino-style fault arrays in the pre-rift sequence and listric growth faults in the syn-rift sequence. These results compare with highly extended rift basins and terranes such as the Basin and Range Province, USA. Extension above a simple listric fault produces a characteristic hangingwall roll-over and crestal collapse graben system. At high values of extension, superposed crestal collapse grabens occur and a fan of listric growth faults is developed. These structures bear striking similarities to growth faults in progradational delta systems. Ramp-flat listric extensional fault systems using sand-mica models produce a characteristic family of structures with an upper roll-over crestal collapse system, a ramp syncline and reverse fault/fold zone and a lower roll-over crestal collapse system. An example of a ramp-flat fault system from the Gulf Coast, USA, is presented as a comparison with the analogue model results. Preliminary results of three-dimensional extensional model experiments are presented to illustrate the complexities in such fault systems. In all of the experimental models, it is found that the geometry of the underlying detachment system exerts fundamental control on structures produced in the hangingwall. The analogue models illustrated in this review provide valid geometric and kinematic templates for the progressive evolution of extensional fault systems in sedimentary basins. © 1990.
引用
收藏
页码:206 / 238
页数:33
相关论文
共 50 条
  • [31] Tectono-sedimentary evolution of lower to middle Miocene half-graben basins related to an extensional detachment fault (western Crete, Greece)
    Seidel, Markus
    Seidel, Eberhard
    Stockhert, Bernhard
    TERRA NOVA, 2007, 19 (01) : 39 - 47
  • [32] A MATHEMATICAL-MODEL FOR COMPACTION IN SEDIMENTARY BASINS
    AUDET, DM
    FOWLER, AC
    GEOPHYSICAL JOURNAL INTERNATIONAL, 1992, 110 (03) : 577 - 590
  • [34] A New Accumulation Model of Coal Seams in France Extensional Basins
    Wang Hua Wang Genfa Faculty of Earth Resources
    Journal of China University of Geosciences, 2000, (03) : 103 - 107
  • [36] Meso-cenozoic evolution of the Tanlu fault and formation of sedimentary basins
    Wang, WF
    Jin, Q
    Ma, ZJ
    ACTA GEOLOGICA SINICA-ENGLISH EDITION, 1998, 72 (04) : 350 - 362
  • [37] Thermochemical sulfate reduction in sedimentary basins and beyond: A review
    Cai, Chunfang
    Li, Hongxia
    Li, Kaikai
    Wang, Daowei
    CHEMICAL GEOLOGY, 2022, 607
  • [38] A review on shale gas prospect in Indian sedimentary basins
    Sain, Kalachand
    Rai, Manish
    Sen, Mrinal K.
    JOURNAL OF INDIAN GEOPHYSICAL UNION, 2014, 18 (02): : 183 - 194
  • [39] Cenozoic evolution of the Altyn Tagh fault: Evidence from sedimentary records of basins along the fault
    Xie Hao
    Liu CaiCai
    Zhang HuiPing
    Zhan Yan
    Zhao XuDong
    ACTA PETROLOGICA SINICA, 2022, 38 (04) : 1107 - 1125
  • [40] Reply to comment on 'Tectono-sedimentary evolution of lower to middle Miocene half-graben basins related to an extensional detachment fault (western Crete, Greece)'
    Seidel, Markus
    Seidel, Eberhard
    Stockhert, Bernhard
    TERRA NOVA, 2008, 20 (05) : 417 - 418