Soil moisture retrieval from vegetation indices and passive microwaves

A simple approach for correcting for the effect of vegetation in the estimation of the surface soil moisture (wS) from L-band passive microwave observations is presented in this study. The approach is based on semi-empirical relationships between soil moisture and the polarized reflectivity including the effect of the vegetation optical depth which is parameterized as a function of the Normalized Vegetation Difference Index (NDVI). The method was tested against in situ measurements collected over a grass site from 2004 to 2007 (SMOSREX experiment). Two polarizations (horizontal/vertical) and five incidence angles (20 degrees, 30 degrees, 40 degrees, 50 degrees and 60 degrees) were considered in the analysis. The best wS estimations were obtained when using both polarizations at an angle of 40 degrees. The average accuracy in the soil moisture retrievals was found to be approximately 0.06 m(3)/m(3), improving the estimations by 0.02 m(3)/m(3) with respect to the case in which the vegetation effect is not considered. The results indicate that information on vegetation (through a vegetation index such as NDVI) is useful for the estimation of soil moisture through the semi-empirical regressions.