Determinants of Anaemia among Pregnant Women in Jeneponto Regency

Background: The prevalence of anaemiaamong pregnant women worldwideis 38.2%, with over 30 million pregnant mothers with anaemia. In Indonesia, the prevalence of anaemia was 37.1% in 2013. Aim: To examine the prevalence and determinant factors of anaemia among pregnant mothers in Jeneponto Regency. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in two stages, namely, screening and collecting basic data on the anaemia determinant factors of pregnant mothers in six sub-districts (Bangkala, Bontoramba, Tamalatea, Binamu, Tarowang, and Kelara sub-districts) in Jeneponto Regency. The sample size during the screening stage was 628 pregnant mothers, and616 pregnantwomen were evaluated in thebaseline study. The inclusion criteria were 1) haemoglobin level (Hb) of 9-12 g/dL, 2) mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC)>= 21 cm, 3) aged 20-35 years, 4) single foetus, and 5) did not consume other multivitamins. The Diaspect (TM) tool was used to evaluate Hb. The trained enumerators collected data regarding household characteristics, pregnancy history, maternal age, supplementary feeding (PMT)programme enrolment, and dietary pattern. The data management team made multiple inputs to maintain the validity of the data.Descriptive and analytic data were analysed. Chi-squared analysis was performed to determine the correlation between determinant variables and anaemia. Results: The average gestational age of the respondents was 17 weeks. Only 17.3% of patients did not complete primary school or never attended school. As many as 82.4% of households (RT) hadmembers that still actively smoked, the majority of households had latrines (62%), homes constructed from wood/bamboo (69.5%), and drinking water from cement wells (28.2%). Based on the measurement data, the average body weight and height were 53kg and 152cm, respectively. The average MUAC was 25 cm, and mean Hb was 11g/dL. The prevalence of anaemia in Jeneponto Regency reached 39.08%, while the prevalence of chronic energy deficiency (CED) was 21.3%. Only two determinant factors were significantly associated with anaemia:gestational age and PMT programme enrolment. Conclusion: The prevalence ofanaemiainpregnant womenin Jeneponto Regency remains very high and exceedsglobal and national prevalence rates. Gestational age and PMT programme enrolment are two anaemiadeterminant factorsamong pregnant mothers in Jeneponto Regency.