Illicit Drug Abuse in Drivers of Motor Vehicle Collisions

Background: Motor vehicle Traffic injuries are indeed one of the most important worldwide health problems. Opioids can induce a depressant effect on central nervous system which may increase the risk of traffic accidents. This cross-sectional case-control study was conducted in Marvdasht, Iran to investigate the presence of drugs in hospitalized non-fatally injured drivers of motor vehicles. Materials and Methods: Cases include 500 drivers of motor vehicles, injured in road traffic accidents and referred to the emergency ward. Controls were 500 patients hospitalized in the same emergency department due to non-traumatic reasons. They were asked about the abuse of any substance during the 72 hours before their referral to the hospital. Urinary samples of patients with negative history of drug consumption were analyzed. Results: Among drivers, 237 (47.4%) of case group and 278 (55.6%) of control group had positive-substance consumption. Opium was the common drug abused in both groups. An eight-fold increased risk of road accident was observed for drivers who had used tramadol (OR= 8.2, 95% CI 4.9-13.7, P<0.001). Two or more illicit drugs (poly drug abuse) were detected in 24% of cases and 31.8% of controls (50.6% and 57.2% of drug abusers, respectively). Just for tramadol, prevalence was higher in cases rather than controls. Conclusion: Results demonstrate a high proportion of illicit drug abuse among Iranian drivers. More health education and policies are necessary to steadily decrease drug abuse in our society.