Nanotechnology; its significance in cancer and photodynamic therapy

In the last decade, developments in nanotechnology have provided a new field in medicine called "Nanomedicine". Nanomedicine has provided new tools for photodynamic therapy. Quantum dots are approximately spherical nanoparticles that have attracted broad attention and have been used in nanomedicine applications. Quantum dots have high molar extinction coefficients and photoluminescence quantum yield, narrow emission spectra, broad absorption, large effective stokes shifts. Quantum dots are more photostable and resistant to metabolic degradation. These photosensitizing properties can be used as photosensitizers for Photodynamic Therapy. Photodynamic Therapy has been recommended for its unique characteristic, such as low side effect and more efficiency. Therefore, nanomedicine leads a promising future for targeted therapy in cancer tumor. Furthermore, Quantum dots have recently been applied in Photodynamic Therapy, which will be addressed in this review letter. Also this review letter evaluates key aspects of nano-particulate design and engineering, including the advantage of the nanometer scale size range, biological behavior, and safety profile.